The costs of health care are increasing worldwide. Patients are compelled to pay more for treatment, causing many people to fall below the poverty line [1], and one of the most urgent and vexing challenges faced by many low-income and middle-income countries is providing health care for the more than 2 billion poor people who live in such nations. Direct outof-pocket (OOP) payments by patients account for as much as 80% of total health care expenditures in low-income countries. Studies in several countries have found that significant medical expenditures are a major cause of poverty. In addition, according to a World Bank report [2], only 11% percent of global health spending corresponded to 90% of the world’s population, with the followi

Health is important to economic development, and economic development has an important impact on health outcomes. Health Expenditure makes up a substantial part of the global economy. In the world, the costs of healthcare are increasing; patients are compelled to pay more for treatment, and that makes a lot of people faced to Catastrophic Health Expenditures (CHE) and in long run fall below the poverty line. One of the most urgent and vexing challenges faced by many low-and middle-income countries is how to provide health care for the more than two billion poor people who live in these areas (developing countries). As much as more than 65%(in 2014) of total private health care expenditure in low-income countries comes from out-of-pocket pay

Page 1. 200 تسایس یلام نیمأت یدیلک یاه تملاس تشابنا درکیور اب میمصت و ب کسیر یاقترا یار ماظن لاحرد و ریقف یاهروشک رد تملاس یاه قطانم( یقرش ۀنارتیدم و اقیرفآ قطانم :هعسوت WHO ) یلع آ رگنه 1، 2، یدمحا دمحم یلع 3 ، ینیزم نیسحریما 3 ، یجزید یجرف داجس 3 1. ،تملاس داصتقا یرتکد همانرب و هعسوت هورگ ،داصتقا یزیر ناریا ،نارهت ،سردم تیبرت هاگشناد ،داصتقا و تیریدم هدکشناد 2. ناریا ،نارهت ،نارهت یکشزپ مولع هاگشناد ،تشادهب هدکشناد ،تملاس

see more details, and government health policies, such as health insurance. Therefore, this paper aimed to analyze the impact of these conditions on different levels of health expenditures of households in Iran iran Subject Category: Geographic Entities

Materials and Methods: This analytical descriptive study was performed using data from 30 provinces of Iran from 2007 to 2011 and the effect of social and economic incentives on mental health of Iranian people was evaluated. All data were obtained from Statistical Center of Iran. In this study, the suicide rate was used as an indicator (proxy) of mental health. Generalized panel with fixed effects and taking into consideration the heteroscedasticity was used to estimate coefficients.Results: Coefficients for Iranian men and women are estimated and results are as follow: Enrolment rate 0.019 and-0.092, urbanization rate-0.34 and 0.11, unemployment rate 0.048 and 0.025, income inequality rate-0.37 and-0.06, crime rate 0.081 and 0.067 and infl

Introduction: This study estimates the relationship between the number of medals gained by a country and some health and economic indicators. We want to test whether good health affect winning more medals in Olympic Games.Methods: Total medals were regressed on total population, urban population, adult population, health expenditure and gross domestic product (GDP). The sample consisted of the 84 winner countries at the London 2012 Olympic Games that have won at least one medal. In this regression model, the dependent variable was the number of medals and it was a nonnegative integer. We used a Poisson non-linear regression for analyzing the data. The data for this study were including Olympic medal counts and socioeconomic indicators. We o

Introduction: There are little attention about health spending and public health outcomes especially in the WHO’s Eastern Mediterranean Region. This paper presents an overview on health spending and public health outcomes in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean countries during 1995-2011.Methods: This study conducted in 2013 use of health expenditure and public health outcome of 19 WHOs Eastern Mediterranean Region countries during 17 years (1995-2011). Data were including: Per capita health expenditure in current US dollar, Life expectancy at birth, Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 live births, Under-5 years Mortality Rate per 1,000 live births. Data collected from the latest World Bank published data until 2013. The Descriptive statistics were

In recent years, the use of economic sanctions has been developed as a popular foreign policy tool. Since the 20th century, economic sanctions were used against various countries like Cuba, Palestine (Gaza strip), Iraq, Iran, Syria and recently Russia. Although several studies have suggested that economic pressures do not often succeed in achieving their policy goals, but it’s effects on civilians health conditions can be significant (1-3).

In developing countries, innovation is less than expectation, so these countries require to consider a different development paradigm such as learning economy that focus on active learning and the “doing, using and interacting” innovation approach for introducing the required context for creating and diffusing informal interaction that may result to technical knowledge acquisition. In this paper, the effective factors on Iran’s transition to learning economy have been identified. Research approach is inductive and qualitative and themes and components have been identifies based on grounded theory. By considering the importance and role of organization in relation with determined themes and components, organizational implications for I

Introduction: Major part of health expenditure is paid directly by households in most of developing countries developing countries Subject Category: Miscellaneoussee more details. This catastrophic expenditure is entailed on families. Assessing important determinants of Out Of Pocket Payment (OOP) is one of the key issues in health care finance. Methods: This study uses Iranian household income expenditure in 2005-2010 annually provided by statistical center of Iran iran Subject Category: Geographic Entities

Objective: Health is one of the main national indicators that is affected by macroeconomic variables and impact on them. In this paper, the effect of macroeconomic variables on two health indicators. ie Life expectancy at birth and under-5 mortality rate, is tested. Method: VECM model is used. Findings: The variables economic growth, unemployment rate, inflation rate, balance of payment, and Gini coefficient had significant negative effects on health; and health expenditure and government expenditure had significant positive effects on health outcomes. Conclusion: All macroeconomic variables effect on health, so economic planners should pay attention to health and health care programs and public wellbeing in accordance with other macroecono

One of the major macroeconomic objectives of the governments is to control the inflation rate. High inflation and its associate destructive impacts on public welfare are concerned by social and economic policymakers. Consequently, they aim to control the inflation rate. Inflation within health sector is attributed to various factors including aging population, insurance problems such as imperfect coverage and maladministration, lower productivity of production factors mainly medical staff and equipments, technological variation in delivering medical services, population growth and the lack of symmetric information among the suppliers and the demanders of health services. The findings of this study show that the resulting inflation rate for

The present study was undertaken to determine whether different protocol of gonadotropin, involved in regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis in female mice. The purpose of the present study was to determine the better time of treatment with gonadotropin. Thirty female mice in age from 4-5 weeks was used. All animal received 10 lu gonadotropin (IP), then animals divided in 5 groups (n= б per group) group 1= Control (primer injection), group 2 after 2 weeks, group 3 after 4 weeks group 4 after 6 weeks and group 5 after 8 weeks after primer injection super ovulated or stimulated by injection gonadotropin (10 IU, IP). In each group, 46 h after injection, concentration of estrogen and progesterone were measured by Electrochemiluminescenc (ECL).